结构洞探寻、网络生产与网络福利剩余——企业网络化成长的跨案例经验解析

基于企业从原子企业、链条企业到网络企业战略转型过程中的"网络资源观"、"网络学习观"和"网络关系观",以中石化集团等6家企业在结构洞、网络生产和网络福利等方面的管理经验开展多案例分析。研究表明,顾客价值的满足并非必然带来企业价值的实现,企业正谋求构造"网络理性",依赖"关系约束",实现"网络福利剩余";"探寻结构洞"、"优化网络化生产行为"和"索取网络福利剩余"是企业网络化发展的重要动机。     

农村金融密度与农村经济增长关系的实证分析——以安徽省为例

实证研究表明,安徽省农村金融密度与农村经济增长之间存在倒U型关系,农村经济发展水平与地理型金融密度呈正相关,与人口型和经济型金融密度呈反相关。结论是：促进农村经济发展,不仅要增加金融网点数量,更要提高金融网点的产出效率,增强对地方经济发展的支持力度。     

社会支持网对农民健康的影响——基于“差序格局”的视角

利用2010年山西省农村人口发展状况调查数据,基于关系的差序格局,分析了社会支持网对农民心理和生理健康的影响。单因素分析结果表明,在实际支持、情感支持、社交支持网中,混合性关系均最有利于农民健康,情感性关系次之,最后是工具性关系。多元回归分析结果表明,在实际支持网中,与工具性关系相比,情感性关系更不利于农民健康;而在社交支持网中,与工具性关系相比,混合性关系更有利于农民健康。研究结果显示了不同类型的社会互动关系对于农民身心健康的重要性。     

Can Brick-and-Mortar Retailers Successfully Become Multichannel Retailers?

ABSTRACT

The critical success factors required by brick-and-mortar retailers to successfully transform into multichannel retailers are analyzed in this study. We identify threshold resources and success factors required to survive in the online retailing industry. We suggest that by leveraging their already existing assets and augmenting certain resources and capabilities, brick-and-mortar retailers would be able to exploit gaps in online retailing and use opportunities arising from them, thus gaining a competitive edge over online retailers.     

Innovation and Knowledge Transfer in Clustered Interorganizational Networks in Brazil

This article analyzes whether firm innovation is influenced by the transfer of knowledge among cluster firms. To test the hypotheses, we directly estimated the measurement and the structural model parameters where cooperation, workforce mobility, and institutions were defined as manifest indicators of the latent exogenous variable knowledge transfer, modeled as a second-order construct. Firm innovation was defined as a single item endogenous latent variable. We found knowledge transfer to be related to the way firms are managed vis-à-vis (a) the role of institutions as discussion arenas; (b) the adaptability of the workforce; and (c) the indirect cooperation among firms.     

Fostering International Technology Transfer Through Climate Technology Networks Between European and Latin American Universities

Based on experiences gained in the frame of a networking scheme that involves universities from Latin America and Europe, this article addresses international technology transfer (ITT) of climate technology through networks bridging current knowledge and technology gaps between academia, businesses, authorities, and civil society. It is argued that higher education institutions (HEIs) can make a substantial contribution to a sustainable socioeconomic development in Latin America (LA) and at the same time reduce its social vulnerability to climate change impacts. Most research and development in LA is carried out in HEIs, not in industry. Consequently, research agendas are uncoupled from business needs, and university research remains largely uncommercialized. Further, spillover effects, which may benefit businesses in the home country, remain limited. This article raises some opportunities for Latin American HEIs to drive the improvement of local adaptive capacity through ITT and creation of the corresponding capacities, especially in terms of research and development, consultancy, and qualification of human capital in the field of climate technologies. It is argued that climate change poses many challenges to all sectors of society, and the improved international transfer of knowledge and climate technology may result in reducing social and economic vulnerability to future climate impacts in LA. Finally, some recommendations are given that may support current efforts to reduce the overall vulnerability to climate impacts through fostering the social and economic development in Latin America by means of ITT.     

Korean Companies in Mexico: Business Practices and National Identity

This article examines certain characteristics of Korean investment in Mexico. It provides an analytical framework to study the business practices of Korean companies and the influence of Korean national identity on the business linkages abroad. Special attention is given to the linkages that Korean companies (commercial subsidiaries, affiliates, suppliers, producers, and maquiladoras) maintain with their parent companies and/or with other Korean-origin firms, with a focus on two specific issues: control and decision making within the firm and the preference for doing business with Koreans.     

The Upgrading of Multinational Regional Innovation Networks in China

Theories of globalization of innovation assume a hierarchical structure of location in the global division of innovation, with advanced innovative activities in the advanced economies and routine ones in the developing economies. This study attempts to explain why multinational corporations (MNCs) have localized a wide spectrum of innovative activities to China since 1995, which range from process innovation and product innovation to basic research. By comparing the dynamic transformation of two MNCs' regional innovation networks (RIN) in China – namely Motorola and Microsoft – this essay argues that the innovation upgrading process can be better understood through examining the interaction between the MNC subsidiary innovation centres and the local institutions.     

Cultural identities of Chinese business: networks of the shark-fin business in Hong Kong

From a global standard, shark-fin consumption certainly violates international norms on bio-diversity and endangers the existence of the shark species. Furthermore, the commercial shark-fin industry generates additional adverse environmental impacts. Nevertheless, shark-fin consumption has served an important role in the cultural aspect of Chinese ‘foodway’. More importantly, the business relations and networks behind this industry have never been comprehensively studied. In so doing, this paper employs first hand interviews with the traders and processors, as well as official statistics from the government of Hong Kong, to come up with one of the most comprehensive and in-depth pieces of research on the business relations and the cultural aspects of shark-fin business in Hong Kong. In addition, we will explore the theoretical as well as the cultural dimensions of shark-fin business in trying to question the meaning of Chinese business networks. One of the key findings of this piece of research is that the collective activities of shark-fin consumption, business relations and networks are embedded along the historically, socially and culturally constructed Chinese identity. The implication is that such orchestration between culture and business can have far-reaching consequences to other Chinese businesses.     

Capacities,innovation and feedbacks in production networks in Argentina

This paper is based on an application of the complex systems approach to economics with the objective of exploring the micro- and meso-mechanisms of development. Under this approach, innovation can be seen as an emergent property that depends on micro interaction and on specificities of macro structure. This study emphasizes that the micro interactions can be described by the feedback mechanisms between the absorption and connectivity capacities of firms, and the macro structure by processes of creative destruction, knowledge appropriation and structural change. The paper presents empirical evidence on the feedback loops between absorption and connectivity capacities in production networks in Argentina and their impact on innovation results. This paper concludes that the restrictions on absorption capacity and mainly on connectivity capacity in several production networks in Argentina condition the development of positive feedbacks between the two capacities, and hence the scope of the innovation path.